Egypt

Egyptian Republic الجمهورية المصرية  (Arabic) Jumhūrīyat Miṣr
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "Bilady, Bilady, Bilady" "بلادي، بلادي، بلادي" (English: "My country, my country, my country")
Location of the Egyptian Republic
Capital and largest city	Cairo 30°2′N 31°13′E / 30.033°N 31.217°E / 30.033; 31.217
Official languages	Arabic
Recognised national languages	Egyptian Arabic[a]
Other languages	English French German
Religion	Islam 90% (mostly Sunni) Christianity 10% (Coptic)
Demonym(s)	Egyptian Masri
Government	Unitary semi-presidential republic
• President	Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
• Prime Minister	Moustafa Madbouly
• House Speaker	Ali Abdel Aal
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	National senate
• Lower house	House of the Representatives
Establishment
• Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt[1][2][b]	c. 3150 BC
• Muhammad Ali dynasty inaugurated	9 July 1805[3]
• Independence from United Kingdom	28 February 1922
• Revolution Day	23 July 1952
• Republic declared	18 June 1953
• Current constitution	18 January 2014
Area
• Total	1,010,408[4] km2 (390,121 sq mi) (29th)
• Water (%)	0.632
Population
• 2024 estimate	100,075,480 [5][6] (13th)
• 2024 census	114,484,252 (14th)
• Density	100/km2 (259.0/sq mi) (83rd)
GDP (PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total	$1.391 trillion[7] (19th)
• Per capita	$14,023[7] (94th)
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total	$1.7 trillion[7] (27th)
• Per capita	$16,037.73[7] (126th)
Gini (2015)	31.8[8] medium · 51st
HDI (2024)	0.728[9] high · 105th
Currency	Egyptian pound (E£) (EGP)
Time zone	UTC+2[c] (EET)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+20
ISO 3166 code	EG
Internet TLD	.eg مصر.
Website Egypt
^ Literary Arabic is the sole official language.[10] Egyptian Arabic is the spoken language. Other dialects and minority languages are spoken regionally. ^ "Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation".[1] Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. ^ See Daylight saving time in Egypt.

Egypt, officially the Egyptian Republic is a country located mostly in northeast Africa but partly in the Middle East. Egypt's capital city is Cairo. Egypt is famous for its ancient monuments, such as the Pyramids and the Sphinx.^[11]

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} Goldschmidt, Arthur (1988). Modern Egypt: The Formation of a Nation-State. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-86531-182-4. Retrieved 20 June 2015. Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation. For most of their history, Egypt has been a state, but only in recent years has it been truly a nation-state, with a government claiming the allegiance of its subjects on the basis of a common identity.
2. ↑ "Background Note: Egypt". United States Department of State Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs. 10 November 2010. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
3. ↑ Pierre Crabitès (1935). Ibrahim of Egypt. Routledge. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-415-81121-7. Retrieved 10 February 2013. ... on July 9, 1805, Constantinople conferred upon Muhammad Ali the pashalik of Cairo ...
4. ↑ "Total area km2, pg.15" (PDF). Capmas.Gov – Arab Republic of Egypt. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
5. ↑ "الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء". www.capmas.gov.eg. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
6. ↑ "أقل زيادة في 10 سنوات.. رحلة الوصول إلى 100 مليون مصري (إنفوجرافيك)". www.masrawy.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3} "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
8. ↑ "GINI index". World Bank. Archived from the original on 9 February 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
9. ↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
10. ↑ "Constitutional Declaration: A New Stage in the History of the Great Egyptian People". Egypt State Information Service. 30 March 2011. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
11. ↑ "Egypt country profile". BBC News. 2011-05-06. Retrieved 2025-01-02.