European theatre of World War II

European theatre of World War II
	Part of World War II
	; From left to right, top to bottom German Stuka dive bombers on the Eastern Front, 1943; German soldiers take position near a Sturmgeschütz III on the Eastern Front, 1942; American soldiers during the Italian campaign, 1943; Stuka flying over Stalingrad, 1942; Soviet soldier raising a flag over the Reichstag after the Battle of Berlin, 1945; Destruction in Dresden after Allied air raids, 1945;
Date	1 September 1939 – 8 May 1945; (5 years, 8 months and 1 week)
Location	Europe Eastern Europe Poland; ; Western Europe; Italy; Balkans;
Result	Allied victory; Collapse of Nazi Germany; Capitulation of remaining German forces still fighting in Europe on 11 May after the unconditional surrender; Berlin Declaration signed on 5 June 1945; Collapse of Fascist Italy and the Italian Social Republic; End of World War II in Europe; Beginning of the Cold War;
Belligerents
Allies: Soviet Union; United States; United Kingdom; • Australia (until 1942); • New Zealand; • India; French Third Republic; Free France; Provisional Government of the French Republic; Canada; Australia (from 1942); South Africa; Poland; Kingdom of Yugoslavia; DF Yugoslavia; Democratic Government of Albania; Greece; Belgium; Netherlands; Norway; Brazil; Czechoslovakia; Luxembourg; Former Axis powers Italy (from 1943); Romania (from 1944); Bulgaria (from 1944); Finland (from 1944); Denmark (1940)	Axis: Tripartite Pact; Germany; Italy; Romania; Hungary; Bulgaria; Finland; Axis puppet states Italian Social Republic; Slovakia; Croatia; Greece; Vichy France; Kingdom of Yugoslavia (for two days)
Commanders and leaders
Joseph Stalin; Franklin D. Roosevelt #; Harry S. Truman; Neville Chamberlain; Winston Churchill; Édouard Daladier; Charles de Gaulle; W.L. Mackenzie King; Władysław Raczkiewicz; Dušan Simović; Josip Broz Tito; Enver Hoxha; Emmanouil Tsouderos; Hubert Pierlot; Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy; Johan Nygaardsvold; Getúlio Vargas; Edvard Beneš; Pierre Dupong; Pietro Badoglio; Michael I; Kimon Georgiev; C.G.E. Mannerheim; Christian X;	Adolf Hitler †; Karl Dönitz; Benito Mussolini ; Ion Antonescu ; Miklós Horthy; Ferenc Szálasi ; Bogdan Filov ; Risto Ryti; Jozef Tiso ; Ante Pavelić; Ioannis Rallis; Philippe Pétain;
Strength
18,950,000+ troops (total that served)	18,000,000+ troops (total that served); 2,560,000 troops (total that served)
Casualties and losses
9,007,590–10,338,576+ killed, 5,778,680+ captured	5,406,110–5,798,110+ killed, 8,709,840 captured
	19,650,000–25,650,000 civilians killed

The European theatre of World War II, was a major theatre of operations during World War II
Cite error: There are <ref group=nb> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=nb}} template (see the help page).

↑ Claus Kreß, Robert Lawless, Oxford University Press, Nov 30, 2020, Necessity and Proportionality in International Peace and Security Law, p. 450
↑ David Stahel, Cambridge University Press, 2018, Joining Hitler's Crusade, p. 78
↑ Frieser, Karl-Heinz (2013)The Blitzkrieg Legend. Naval Institute Press
↑ MacDonald 2005, p. 478.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Glantz & House 2015, pp. 301–303.
↑ Overmans, Rüdiger (2004). Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg (in German). München: Oldenbourg. Page 215.
↑ Total German soldiers who surrendered in the West, including 3,404,950 who surrendered after the end of the war, is given as 7,614,790. To this must be added the 263,000–655,000 who died, giving a rough total of 8 million German soldiers having served on the Western Front in 1944–1945.Ellis 1993, p. 256
↑ Regio Esercito: The Italian Royal Army in Mussolini's Wars, 1935–1943, Patrick Cloutier, p. 211.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Ellis 1993, p. 255.
↑ MacDonald 2005, p. 478: "Allied casualties from D-day to V–E totaled 766,294. American losses were 586,628, including 135,576 dead. The British, Canadians, French, and other allies in the west lost slightly over 60,000 dead".
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Ellis 1993, p. 256.
↑ U.S. Army Casualties in World War II 1951.
↑ Vadim Erlikman, Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow 2004. ISBN 5-93165-107-1; Mark Axworthy, Third Axis Fourth Ally. Arms and Armour 1995, p. 216. ISBN 1-85409-267-7
↑ George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War : 1 July 1939 – 30 June 1945 Washington, DC : Center of Military History, 1996. Page 202 Archived 1 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1
- Rüdiger Overmans, Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Oldenbourg 2000. ISBN 3-486-56531-1, "German military deaths to all causes EF". Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
- Richard Overy The Dictators: Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia (2004), ISBN 0-7139-9309-X^{[page needed]}
- Italy:
  - Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito. Commissariato generale C.G.V. . Ministero della Difesa – Edizioni 1986
- Romania: Krivosheev 2001.
- Hungary: Krivosheev 2001.
- Hungarian wounded: Clodfelter 2017, p. 527.
- Soviet volunteer deaths:
  - Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940–1945: 8 Bde. (ISBN 9783881990738 ) Pages 1508 to 1511
- German prisoners: Krivosheev 2001.
↑ Niewyk, Donald L. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000; ISBN 0-231-11200-9, p. 421.
↑ Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p. 78
↑ Bundesarchiv Euthanasie" im Nationalsozialismus, bundesarchiv.de; accessed 5 March 2016.(German)
↑ Frumkin 1951, pp. 58–59.
↑ "Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Netherlands" (PDF). Retrieved 4 March 2016.
↑ Frumkin 1951, p. 44–45.
↑ Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2013–2014, page 44.
↑ Frumkin 1951, p. 144.
↑ "Hvor mange dræbte danskere?". Danish Ministry of Education. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
↑ Frumkin 1951, p. 59.
↑ Krivosheev 1997.

[books.google.com-8] Claus Kreß, Robert Lawless, Oxford University Press, Nov 30, 2020, Necessity and Proportionality in International Peace and Security Law, p. 450

[11] David Stahel, Cambridge University Press, 2018, Joining Hitler's Crusade, p. 78

[Frieser,_Karl-Heinz_2013-19] Frieser, Karl-Heinz (2013)The Blitzkrieg Legend. Naval Institute Press

[FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005478-20] MacDonald 2005, p. 478.

[FOOTNOTEGlantzHouse2015301–303-21] 5.0 ^5.1 Glantz & House 2015, pp. 301–303.

[22] Overmans, Rüdiger (2004). Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg (in German). München: Oldenbourg. Page 215.

[23] Total German soldiers who surrendered in the West, including 3,404,950 who surrendered after the end of the war, is given as 7,614,790. To this must be added the 263,000–655,000 who died, giving a rough total of 8 million German soldiers having served on the Western Front in 1944–1945.Ellis 1993, p. 256

[24] Regio Esercito: The Italian Royal Army in Mussolini's Wars, 1935–1943, Patrick Cloutier, p. 211.

[FOOTNOTEEllis1993255-25] 9.0 ^9.1 Ellis 1993, p. 255.

[26] MacDonald 2005, p. 478: "Allied casualties from D-day to V–E totaled 766,294. American losses were 586,628, including 135,576 dead. The British, Canadians, French, and other allies in the west lost slightly over 60,000 dead".

[FOOTNOTEEllis1993256-28] 11.0 ^11.1 Ellis 1993, p. 256.

[FOOTNOTE''U.S._Army_Casualties_in_World_War_II''1951-29] U.S. Army Casualties in World War II 1951.

[Vadim_Erlikman-31] Vadim Erlikman, Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow 2004. ISBN 5-93165-107-1; Mark Axworthy, Third Axis Fourth Ally. Arms and Armour 1995, p. 216. ISBN 1-85409-267-7

[history.army.mil-33] George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War : 1 July 1939 – 30 June 1945 Washington, DC : Center of Military History, 1996. Page 202 Archived 1 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine.

[Overmans-34] 15.0 ^15.1
Rüdiger Overmans, Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Oldenbourg 2000. ISBN 3-486-56531-1, "German military deaths to all causes EF". Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2018.

Richard Overy The Dictators: Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia (2004), ISBN 0-7139-9309-X^{[page needed]}

Italy:
Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito. Commissariato generale C.G.V. . Ministero della Difesa – Edizioni 1986

Romania: Krivosheev 2001.

Hungary: Krivosheev 2001.

Hungarian wounded: Clodfelter 2017, p. 527.

Soviet volunteer deaths:
Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940–1945: 8 Bde. (ISBN 9783881990738 ) Pages 1508 to 1511

German prisoners: Krivosheev 2001.

[16] Rüdiger Overmans, Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Oldenbourg 2000. ISBN 3-486-56531-1, "German military deaths to all causes EF". Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2018.

[17] Richard Overy The Dictators: Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia (2004), ISBN 0-7139-9309-X^{[page needed]}

[18] Italy:
Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito. Commissariato generale C.G.V. . Ministero della Difesa – Edizioni 1986

[19] Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito. Commissariato generale C.G.V. . Ministero della Difesa – Edizioni 1986

[20] Romania: Krivosheev 2001.

[21] Hungary: Krivosheev 2001.

[22] Hungarian wounded: Clodfelter 2017, p. 527.

[23] Soviet volunteer deaths:
Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940–1945: 8 Bde. (ISBN 9783881990738 ) Pages 1508 to 1511

[24] Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940–1945: 8 Bde. (ISBN 9783881990738 ) Pages 1508 to 1511

[25] German prisoners: Krivosheev 2001.

[36] Niewyk, Donald L. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000; ISBN 0-231-11200-9, p. 421.

[37] Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p. 78

[38] Bundesarchiv Euthanasie" im Nationalsozialismus, bundesarchiv.de; accessed 5 March 2016.(German)

[FOOTNOTEFrumkin195158–59-39] Frumkin 1951, pp. 58–59.

[40] "Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Netherlands" (PDF). Retrieved 4 March 2016.

[FOOTNOTEFrumkin195144–45-41] Frumkin 1951, p. 44–45.

[42] Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2013–2014, page 44.

[FOOTNOTEFrumkin1951144-43] Frumkin 1951, p. 144.

[44] "Hvor mange dræbte danskere?". Danish Ministry of Education. Retrieved 4 March 2016.

[FOOTNOTEFrumkin195159-45] Frumkin 1951, p. 59.

[FOOTNOTEKrivosheev1997-47] Krivosheev 1997.

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European theatre of World War II

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