Germany

51°N 9°E / 51°N 9°E / 51; 9

Federal Republic of Germany Bundesrepublik Deutschland (German)
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "Deutschlandlied"[a] (English: "Song of Germany")
Show globe Show map of Europe Location of  Germany  (dark green) – on the European continent  (light green & dark grey) – in the European Union  (light green)
Capital and largest city	Berlin[b] 52°31′N 13°23′E / 52.517°N 13.383°E / 52.517; 13.383
Official language	German[c]
Demonym(s)	German
Government	Federal parliamentary republic
• President	Frank-Walter Steinmeier
• Chancellor	Olaf Scholz
Legislature
• Upper house	Bundesrat
• Lower house	Bundestag
Formation
• Unification	18 January 1871
• Monarchy abolished	9 November 1918
• Nazi Germany	23 March 1933
• West–East division[d]	23 May 1949
• Reunification	3 October 1990
Area
• Total	357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi) (63rd)
• Water (%)	1.27 (as of 2015)[4]
Population
• 2020 estimate	83,190,556[5] (18th)
• Density	232/km2 (600.9/sq mi) (58th)
GDP (PPP)	2021 estimate
• Total	$4.743 trillion[6] (5th)
• Per capita	$56,956[6] (15th)
GDP (nominal)	2021 estimate
• Total	$4.319 trillion[6] (4th)
• Per capita	$51,860[6] (15th)
Gini (2019)	29.7[7] low
HDI (2019)	0.947[8] very high · 6th
Currency	Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Driving side	right
ISO 3166 code	DE
Internet TLD	.de

Germany (German: Deutschland, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃlant] (listen)), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland),^[9] is a country in the western region of Central Europe. The country's full name is sometimes shortened to the FRG (or the BRD, in German).

To the north of Germany are the North and Baltic Seas, and the kingdom of Denmark. To the east of Germany are the countries of Poland and the Czech Republic. To the south of Germany are the countries of Austria and Switzerland. To the west of Germany are the countries of France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The total area of Germany is 357,021 square kilometres (137,847 square miles). Most of Germany has warm summers and cold winters. In March 2021, Germany had a population of 83.1 million people, the second-largest in Europe after Russia.^[10] After the United States, Germany is the second most popular country for migration in the world.^[11]

Before it was called Germany, it was called Germania. In the years A.D. 900 – 1806, Germany was part of the Holy Roman Empire. From 1949 to 1990, Germany was made up of two countries called the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). During this time, the capital city of Berlin was divided into a west and an east part. On 13 August 1961, East Germany started building the Berlin Wall between the two parts of Berlin. West Germany was one of the countries that started the European Union.^[12]

1. ↑ Bundespräsidialamt. "Repräsentation und Integration" (in German). Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
2. ↑ "The German Federal Government". deutschland.de. 23 January 2018. Archived from the original on 30 April 2020.
3. ↑ Gesley, Jenny (26 September 2018). "The Protection of Minority and Regional Languages in Germany". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 25 May 2020.
4. ↑ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
5. ↑ "Bevölkerung nach Geschlecht und Staatsangehörigkeit". Destatis. Archived from the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
6. ↑ ^{6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3} "World Economic Outlook database: April 2021". International Monetary Fund. April 2021. Archived from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
7. ↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income". Eurostat. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
8. ↑ "Human Development Report 2020". United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
9. ↑ Grundgesetz, Preamble and Article 20 (1) Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist ein demokratischer und sozialer Bundesstaat.
10. ↑ "The 10 Most Populated Countries In Europe". WorldAtlas. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
11. ↑ "Germany Top Migration Land After U.S. in New OECD Ranking". Bloomberg. 20 May 2014. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
12. ↑ "History of the European Union". European Union. Retrieved 20 March 2012.^{[permanent dead link]}