Hamas

Haraka Hamas حَرَكَةُ حَمَاسَ
Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority	Ismail Haniyeh[1]
Foreign Minister	Mahmoud Zahar[1]
Founder	Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi and Mahmoud Zahar
Founded	1987 (1987)
Headquarters	Gaza City, Gaza Strip
Student wing	Islamic Bloc[2]
Ideology	Conservatism Islamic fundamentalism Palestinian nationalism Antisemitism Anti-Zionism
Religion	Islamist
International affiliation	Axis of Resistance
Party flag

{{Infobox war faction | name = | active = | leaders = [[Yahya Sinwar x. | headquarters = | partof =  Muslim Brotherhood^[3] | allies = State allies:

•  Algeria^[4]
•  Egypt (2011–2013)^[5]
•  Iran^[6]
•  Kuwait^[7]
•  Malaysia^[7]
•  North Korea^[8]
•  Qatar^[9]
•  South Africa (denied)^[10]
•  Sudan (until 2019, occasionally since 2023)^[11][9][4]
•  Syria (until 2011, occasionally since 2022)^[12][13]
•  Turkey (partly)^[4]
•  Venezuela^[14]

Non-state allies:

•  Hezbollah
• Houthis^[15][16]
• Polisario Front^[17]
•  Palestinian Islamic Jihad^[18]
• PFLP^[19]
• DFLP^[20]
• Lions' Den^[21]
•  Popular Mobilization Forces^[22]
• al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades^[23]
• Popular Resistance Committees (PRC)^[24]
• Al-Farouq Brigades in Sinai^[25][26]

| opponents = State opponents:

•  Bahrain^[27][28]
•  Egypt^[9]
•  Israel
•  Jordan^[29]
•  United Arab Emirates^[13]
•  United States^[30]

Non-state opponents:

•  Fatah (reconciliation ongoing)
•  ISIS^[31][32]
• al-Qaeda ^[a]

}}

Hamas (Arabic: حَمَاسُ, romanized: Ḥamās), an acronym of its official name, Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya (Arabic: حَرَكَةُ الْمُقَاوَمَةِ الِاسْلَامِيَّةِ, lit. "Islamic Resistance Movement"), is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist political movement in Gaza, which has a history of violent antisemitism despite its relative popularity in the Middle East and Western academia.^[34][35]

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} "Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya (Hamas)". Transnational and non state armed groups. Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research Harvard University. 2008. Archived from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
2. ↑ "Hamas students wing heads students' council at Al Najah University in West Bank". Middle East Monitor. 29 May 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
3. ↑ Frisch, Hillel (2010), Rubin, Barry (ed.), "Hamas: The Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood", The Muslim Brotherhood: The Organization and Policies of a Global Islamist Movement, The Middle East in Focus, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp. 89–102, doi:10.1057/9780230106871_7, ISBN 978-0-230-10687-1, retrieved 8 January 2024
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1 4.2} "Qatar, Iran, Turkey and beyond: Hamas's network of allies". France 24. 14 October 2023.
5. ↑ Kingsley, Patrick (26 July 2013). "Egyptian army questions Mohamed Morsi over alleged Hamas terror links". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
6. ↑ "Adviser to Iran's Khamenei expresses support for Palestinian attacks: Report". Al Arabiya. AFP. 7 October 2023 – via al-Arabiya.
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1} "Most of Gaza is poor, but Hamas has cash. Where does it come from?". NBC News. 25 October 2023.
8. ↑ "Evidence shows Hamas militants likely used some North Korean weapons in attack on Israel". Associated Press. 19 October 2023.
9. ↑ ^{9.0 9.1 9.2} Ehl, David (15 May 2021). "What is Hamas and who supports it?". Deutsche Welle.
10. ↑ Staff (18 October 2023). "South Africa says it discussed aid with Hamas leader, denies reports of support". Retrieved 18 October 2023.
11. ↑ Abdelaziz, Khalid; Eltahir, Nafisa; Irish, John (23 September 2021). "Sudan closes door on support for Hamas". Reuters. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
12. ↑ "Experts Weigh in on Regional Impact of Syria-Hamas Rapprochement". VOA News. 20 October 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
13. ↑ ^{13.0 13.1} Gidda, Mirren (25 July 2014). "Hamas Still Has Some Friends Left". Time. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
14. ↑ "Hamas, PLO slam 'blatant US interference' in Venezuela affairs". Middle East Monitor. 25 January 2019.
15. ↑ "Houthis, Hamas merge diplomacy around prisoner releases – Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East". Al-Monitor. 5 January 2021.
16. ↑ "Hamas awards 'Shield of Honor' to Houthi representative in Yemen, sparking outrage in Saudi Arabia". JNS.org. 16 June 2021.
17. ↑ "Polisario reaffirms its determination to continue struggle until right to self-determination is restored". Sahara Press Service. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023. Evoking the serious developments in Palestine, the Permanent Bureau of the Polisario Front reaffirmed the solidarity of the Sahrawi people with the Palestinian people.
18. ↑ Fabian, Emanuel. "Officer, 2 soldiers killed in clash with terrorists on Lebanon border; mortars fired". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
19. ↑ "الجبهة الشعبية: قرار الإدارة الأمريكية بتوفير الدعم للكيان هدفه تطويق النتائج الاستراتيجية لمعركة طوفان الأقصى". alahednews.com.lb (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
20. ↑ "Palestinian Factions: Hamas and PIJ | Wilson Center". www.wilsoncenter.org. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
21. ↑ "Qassam Brigades announces control of 'Erez Crossing'". Roya News. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
22. ↑ "IRAN UPDATE, OCTOBER 14, 2023". ISW. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
23. ↑ "Iran Update, October 17, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. 17 October 2023.
24. ↑ Fabian, Emanuel (19 October 2023). "IDF says it killed head of military wing of Gaza's Popular Resistance Committees". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
25. ↑ "New Jihadi Group Al-Farouq Brigades Threatens To Launch Attacks Against Israel From Sinai, Warns Egyptian Army Not To Stand In Their Way: It Is The Duty Of Every Muslim To Take Up Arms And Wage Jihad Against Israel, Avenge The Blood Of The Martyrs In Gaza". MEMRI. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
26. ↑ hhanes (18 January 2024). "Armed group in the Sinai declares it will fight Israel". FDD. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
27. ↑ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs stresses importance of providing full protection to citizens, ending battle between Hamas, Israeli Forces". Bahrain Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
28. ↑ "Bahrain denounces Hamas kidnappings". www.timesofisrael.com. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
29. ↑ "Is Jordan planning to restore ties with Hamas?". The Jerusalem Post.
30. ↑ "How the US became Israel's closest ally". 13 October 2023.
31. ↑ "What Effect ISIS' Declaration Of War Against Hamas Could Have In The Middle East". NPR.
32. ↑ AFP. "Hamas arrests Salafi sheikh over alleged Islamic State ties - Radical cleric Adnan Khader Mayat detained on Sunday by Gaza security forces". Times of Israel. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
33. ↑ Burke, Jason (22 October 2023). "Al-Qaida and IS call on followers to strike Israeli, US and Jewish targets". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
34. ↑
    • "Academics claim Hamas atrocities are part of 'legitimate struggle' against Israel". The Jewish Chronicle. 13 October 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2025.
    • "Judith Butler and the Normalization of Hamas and Hezbollah within Progressive Social Movements". Institute for the Study of Global Antisemitism and Policy (ISGAP). 18 October 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2025.
    • Gilley, Bruce (31 October 2023). "The Academic Roots of Hamas's Terror". National Association of Scholars (NAS). Retrieved 23 February 2025.
    • Cohen, Nick (2 December 2023). "Why the far left sides with Hamas". Spectator. Retrieved 23 February 2025.
    • Caschetta, A.J. (25 September 2024). "Breaking the Brand: The Palestinization of Academia". Middle East Forum. Retrieved 23 February 2025.
    • Lappin, Shalom (2025). "The Nazification of the Postmodernist Left". Fathom Journal. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
35. ↑
    • "Some U.S. Professors Praise Hamas's October 7 Terror Attacks". Anti-Defamation League (ADL). 8 November 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2025. Updated: 11.21.2023
    • Troy, Gil (1 February 2024). "How Palestine Hijacked the U.S. Civil Rights Movement". Tablet magazine. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
    • Zickgraf, Ryan (24 April 2024). "Meet the new Left, who think Hamas are good and that Swastikas are woke". The Telegraph. Retrieved 23 February 2025.
    • Dr. Helena Ivanov (25 June 2024). "Confronting Campus Antisemitism: A Deep Dive into Campus Climate and Strategic Policy Recommendations". Henry Jackson Society (HJS). Retrieved 23 February 2025.
    • Morstead, Talia; DeLongis, Anita (13 January 2025). "Antisemitism on Campus in the Wake of October 7: Examining Stress, Coping, and Depressive Symptoms Among Jewish Students". Stress Health. 41 (1). doi:10.1002/smi.3529. Retrieved 23 February 2025.