Hong Kong

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Hong Kong
Special administrative region
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China Chinese: 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區 Cantonese Yale romanisation: Jūng'wàh Yàhnmàhn Guhng'wòhgwok Hēunggóng Dahkbiht Hàhngjingkēui
Flag Emblem
Location of Hong Kong within China
Sovereign state	China
British possession	26 January 1841
Treaty of Nanking	29 August 1842
Convention of Peking	24 October 1860
New Territories lease	9 June 1898
Imperial Japanese occupation	25 December 1941 to 30 August 1945
Sino-British Joint Declaration	19 December 1984
Handover to China	1 July 1997
Administrative centre	Tamar
Largest district by population	Sha Tin
Official languages	Chinese[a] English[b]
Regional language	Cantonese[a]
Official scripts	Traditional Chinese[b] English alphabet
Ethnic groups (2016)	92.0% Chinese 2.5% Filipino 2.1% Indonesian 1.1% Indian 0.8% White 0.3% Nepalese 1.6% Others[6]
Demonym(s)	Hongkonger
Government	Devolved executive-led government within a unitary one-party state[7]
• Chief Executive	John Lee
• Chief Secretary	Eric Chan
• Council President	Andrew Leung
• Chief Justice	Andrew Cheung
Legislature	Legislative Council
National representation
• National People's Congress	36 deputies
• Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference	203 delegates[8]
Area
• Total	2,754.97[9] km2 (1,063.70 sq mi) (168th)
• Water (%)	59.70% (1644.79 km2; 635.05 sq mi)[9]
• Land	1,110.18 km2 (428.64 sq mi)[9]
Highest elevation (Tai Mo Shan)	957 m (3,140 ft)
Lowest elevation (South China Sea)	0 m (0 ft)
Population
• 2022 estimate	7,291,600[10]
• 2021 census	7,413,070[11]
• Density	6,801[12]/km2 (17,614.5/sq mi) (4th)
GDP (PPP)	2022 estimate
• Total	$518.743 billion[13] (48th)
• Per capita	$69,987[13] (11th)
GDP (nominal)	2022 estimate
• Total	$368.373 billion[13] (43rd)
• Per capita	$49,700[13] (18th)
Gini (2016)	53.9[14] high
HDI (2021)	0.952[15] very high · 4th
Currency	Hong Kong dollar (HK$) (HKD)
Time zone	UTC+08:00 (HKT)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy yyyy年mm月dd日
Mains electricity	220 V–50 Hz
Driving side	left[c]
Calling code	+852
ISO 3166 code	HK CN-HK
Internet TLD	.hk .香港
License plate prefixes	None for local vehicles, 粤Z for cross-boundary vehicles

Hong Kong (/ˌhɒŋˈkɒŋ/ (listen); Chinese: 香港, Hong Kong Cantonese: [hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ] (listen), literally "Fragrant Port"), officially The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of The People's Republic of China,^[17] is one of two Special Administrative Regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (the other is Macau).

It is one of the richest and most developed parts in the world, and one where the cost of living is one of the highest. Hong Kong grew quickly in the decades after World War II, becoming a famous world-class financial centre. Hong Kong was one of the last territories of the British Empire until 1997, when United Kingdom handed it over to China. China then promised to grant it special status for 50 years.

The population of Hong Kong is over seven million. The economy has rapidly grown from a trading port to a very rich city. Hong Kong has the most skyscrapers in the world.

Hong Kong is divided into 3 main parts:

• Hong Kong Island
• Kowloon
• New Territories (including 235 outlying islands)

Hong Kong was a British colony from 1842 to 1997 as China surrendered the city after losing the Second Opium War. After the handover in 1997, Hong Kong became under Chinese control under special status.

Hong Kong has its own constitution that is different from that of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

1. ↑ Leung 2016 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLeung2016 (help).
2. ↑ Official Languages Ordinance harvnb error: no target: CITEREFOfficial_Languages_Ordinance (help).
3. ↑ Population By-Census 2016, pp. 31, 51–52 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPopulation_By-Census2016 (help)
4. ↑ Legislative Council Disclaimer and Copyright Notice harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLegislative_Council_Disclaimer_and_Copyright_Notice (help)
5. ↑ Use of Chinese in Court Proceedings 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFUse_of_Chinese_in_Court_Proceedings2011 (help)
6. ↑ Population By-Census 2016, p. 46 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPopulation_By-Census2016 (help).
7. ↑ "China (People's Republic of) 1982 (rev. 2004)". Constitute project. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
8. ↑ Cheung 2017 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCheung2017 (help).
9. ↑ ^{9.0 9.1 9.2} "Survey and Mapping Office – Circulars and Publications". Survey and Mapping Office. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
10. ↑ "Mid-year population for 2022" (Press release). Government of Hong Kong. 11 August 2022. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
11. ↑ "Key statistics of the 2021 and 2011 Population Census" (PDF). census2021.gov.hk. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
12. ↑ "Main Tables – 2021 Population Census". census2021.gov.hk. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
13. ↑ ^{13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3} "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
14. ↑ Household Income Distribution 2016, p. 7 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHousehold_Income_Distribution2016 (help)
15. ↑ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
16. ↑ Technical Legislative Amendments on Traffic Arrangements for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge 2017 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTechnical_Legislative_Amendments_on_Traffic_Arrangements_for_the_Hong_Kong-Zhuhai-Macao_Bridge2017 (help)
17. ↑ "Basic Law". www.basiclaw.gov.hk. Retrieved 2021-12-12.