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Pangaea

Map of Pangaea
The Palisades Sill as seen from the Palisades Interstate Parkway. The Hudson River is the background. The formation was caused by the rifting of Pangaea in the Triassic
The branches of the Caledonian/Acadian belts at the end of the Caledonian orogeny (early Devonian). Present day coastlines are indicated in grey for reference. Later in geological history, the Atlantic Ocean opened and the different parts of the orogenic belt moved apart.[1]

Pangaea[2] was the global supercontinent which formed in the Palaeozoic era. The process started about 450 million years ago (mya) and was complete by 210 mya. So, apart from some volcanic islands (not proven, but very likely), all the land areas were collected together in one big supercontinent.

Pangaea was the latest of a series of global supercontinents. They formed at various times since plate tectonics began on Earth.[3] Panthalassa was the name of the huge global ocean which surrounded Pangaea.

  1. ↑ Reconstruction based on Matte 2001; Stampfli et al 2002; Torsvik et al 1996 and Ziegler 1990
  2. ↑ meaning entire Earth in Ancient Greek
  3. ↑ "(PDF) Earth as an evolving planetary system". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2021-08-13.
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