Persian Empire

Persian Empire كُشُورْ شَاهِنْشَاهَى اىْرَانْ (Persian) Kešvar-è Šâhanšâhi-ye Irân[a]
727 BC–1979 AD
Flag of Pahlavi period (1964–1979) Sovereign coat of arms of Pahlavi period (1932–1979)
Anthem: (1925–1933) سلامتی دولت علیّه ایران Salâmati-ye Dowlat-è Âlliye-ye Irân ("Salute of the Sublime State of Iran") (1933–1979) سرود شاهنشاهی ایران Sorud-è Šâhanšâhi-ye Irân ("Imperial Anthem of Iran")
Persian Empire in Achaemenid period (widest borders)
Map of the Pahlavi Iran period
Status	Empire
Capital	Tehran (1925–1979)
Common languages	Persian (official)[b] Arabic (official, court, lingua franca[8])[c] Middle Persian (official[9])[d] Greek (official[10])[e] Parthian (official, court, literature[11][12])[f] Old Persian (official)[g] Aramaic (official, lingua franca[13])[h] Akkadian (literary language in Babylonia[14])[i] Elamite[15][j] Median[k] Azerbaijani[l]
Government	Monarchy
History
• Established	727 BC
• Disestablished	1979 AD
Area
500 BC[16][17]	5,500,000 km2 (2,100,000 sq mi)
1 AD[16][17]	2,800,000 km2 (1,100,000 sq mi)
550 AD[16][17]	3,500,000 km2 (1,400,000 sq mi)
1925 AD	1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi)
Population
• 500 BC[18]	17–35 million

The Persian Empire, or Iranian Empire (Persian: شَاهِنْشَاهَى اىرَانْ, romanized: Šâhanšâhi-ye Irân), refers to the dynastic-states of Persian origin that ruled Iran from the Medes to the Pahlavi period. "Persia" was the term used by outsiders; its people called the country "Iran".
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1. ↑ Roemer 1986, p. 331.
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1 2.2} Matthee 2008b.
3. ↑ Ferrier 1989, p. 9.
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1} Perry 2006.
5. ↑ Cyril 2003, p. 392.
6. ↑ Arnold 1939, pp. 514–515.
7. ↑ Ruda 2006, p. 76.
8. ↑ Davaran 2010, p. 156.
9. ↑ Daryaee 2008, pp. 99–100.
10. ↑ Green 1992, p. 45.
11. ↑ Skjærvø 2006, pp. 348–366.
12. ↑ Canepa 2018, p. 6.
13. ↑ Wiesehöfer 2001, p. 119.
14. ↑ Kittel et al. 2007, p. 1194–1195.
15. ↑ Windfuhr 2006, p. 386–390.
16. ↑ ^{16.0 16.1 16.2} Turchin, Adams & Hall 2006.
17. ↑ ^{17.0 17.1 17.2} Taagepera 1979.
18. ↑ Morris & Scheidel 2009, p. 77.