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A powertrain layout is the way a vehicle is set up to use force to create motion. Usually, a powertrain layout is defined by the position of the engine and which of the wheels get power.
Powertrain layouts can usually be described in shorthand by their engine's position, followed by which wheels get power. For example, a Honda Civic would be a front-engine, front-wheel-drive car. On the other hand, a (pre-2003) Volkswagen Beetle would be rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive.