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- This page is about speech problems, the album can be found at Hands All Over
| Stuttering | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Stammering, alalia syllabaris, alalia literalis, anarthria literalis, dysphemia.[1] |
| Pronunciation |
|
| Medical specialty | Speech-language pathology |
| Symptoms | Unwanted sound repetition and disruption or blocking of speech |
| Complications | Shame, bullying, social anxiety, fear of public speaking |
| Usual onset | 2–5 years |
| Duration | Long term |
| Causes | Unknown |
| Differential diagnosis | dysphonia[1] |
| Treatment | Speech therapy |
| Medication | Dopamine antagonists |
| Prognosis | Usually resolves by late childhood; 20% of cases last into adulthood |
| Frequency | About 1% |
Stuttering or stammering is a problem of speech. It is a speech disorder some people have. Five to six percent of children have a stammer while one percent of adults have a stammer. Men are four times more likely to have a stammer than women. Stammers normally start at 2-6 years and run in families.
The person knows what they want to say but the flow of their speech is ‘bumpy’ and may have some of the following features:
- Repetitions (of sounds, parts of words or phrases)
- Blocks (stops before words)
- Prolongations (making a sound longer, e.g. 'hhhhhhham' instead of 'ham')
- Pauses
- Rephrasing (saying something else instead)
- Hesitations (struggling to say words)
- Fillers (using key phrases such as ‘you know what I mean’ to hide their difficulties)
- Tension (the muscles in their face and neck look tight)
- Facial or body movements
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 GREENE, J. S. (1937-07-01). "Dysphemia and Dysphonia: Cardinal Features of Three Types of Functional Syndrome: Stuttering, Aphonia and Falsetto (Male)". Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 26 (1). American Medical Association (AMA): 74–82. doi:10.1001/archotol.1937.00650020080011. ISSN 0886-4470.