Back فيروس غرب النيل Arabic فيروس غرب النيل ARZ Virus del Nilu Occidental AST Virus del Nil occidental Catalan West-Nil-Virus German Ιός του Δυτικού Νείλου Greek West Nile virus English Okcidentnila viruso Esperanto Virus del Nilo Occidental Spanish Lääne-Niiluse viirus Estonian
West Nile Virus (WNV) is a virus that belongs to the genus Flavivirus. It causes an infectious disease called "West Nile virus disease" or just "West Nile virus."[1] WNV mainly infects birds, but it can also infect humans, horses, dogs, bats, cats, reptiles,[2][3] and amphibians.[1]
West Nile virus is spread by mosquitoes, who get the virus from birds. If a mosquito bites a bird that has WNV, and then bites a human, that person can get West Nile Virus.[1]
West Nile virus was first discovered in 1937, in the West Nile area of Uganda, in East Africa.[1] (This is how the virus got its name.) However, before the 1990s, there were very few cases of WNV. Then there was an outbreak in Algeria in 1994 and another in Romania in 1996.[1] By 2004, the virus had spread to North America,[4] the Caribbean islands, and Latin America. It continues to spread through Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, the Middle East, Canada, and the United States.[4] In 2012, one of the worst West Nile virus epidemics yet happened in the United States; 286 people died.[5][6]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "West Nile virus". World Health Organization Media Centre. World Health Organization. July 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2016.
- ↑ Steinman, A.; Banet-Noach, C.; Tal, S.; Levi, O.; Simanov, L.; Perk, S.; Malkinson, M.; Shpigel, N. (2003). "West Nile Virus Infection in Crocodiles". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 9 (7): 887–889. doi:10.3201/eid0907.020816. PMC 3023443. PMID 12899140.
- ↑ Klenk, K.; Snow, J.; Morgan, K.; Bowen, R.; Stephens, M.; Foster, F.; Gordy, P.; Beckett, S.; Komar, N.; Gubler, D.; Bunning, M. (2004). "Alligators as West Nile Virus Amplifiers". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 10 (12): 2150–2155. doi:10.3201/eid1012.040264. PMC 3323409. PMID 15663852.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Chen, Chen C.; Jenkins, Emily; Epp, Tasha; Waldner, Cheryl; Curry, Philip S.; Soos, Catherine (2013-07-22). "Climate Change and West Nile Virus in a Highly Endemic Region of North America". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 10 (7): 3052–3071. doi:10.3390/ijerph10073052. PMC 3734476. PMID 23880729.
- ↑ Murray KO, Ruktanonchai D, Hesalroad D, Fonken E, Nolan MS (November 2013). "West Nile virus, Texas, USA, 2012". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 19 (11): 1836–8. doi:10.3201/eid1911.130768. PMC 3837649. PMID 24210089. Retrieved 2014-12-08.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Fox, M. (May 13, 2013). "2012 was deadliest year for West Nile in US, CDC says". NBC News. Archived from the original on June 8, 2013. Retrieved May 13, 2013.