White nose syndrome

White nose syndrome (WNS) is a condition which has caused many bats in the United States and Canada to die. The condition is named white nose because the affected bats have a fungus around their nose which is white. It was discovered in February 2006.

The disease was first reported in January 2007 in some New York caves.^[1] It spread to other New York caves and into Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut^[2] in 2008.^[3] In early 2009 it was found in New Hampshire,^[4] New Jersey, Pennsylvania.^[5] West Virginia ^[2] In March 2010, it was found in Ontario, Canada, and Middle Tennessee.^[6][7] In 2012, new cases showed up in northeastern Ohio,^[8] and Acadia National Park in Maine.^[9] New confirmed cases appeared in 2013 in Georgia,^[10] South Carolina,^[11] and Illinois.^[12]

1. ↑ Hill, Michael (2008-01-30). "Bat Deaths in NY, Vt. Baffle Experts". USA TODAY (Associated Press). Archived from the original on 2014-03-06. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} "White Nose Syndrome; Could cave dwelling bat species become extinct in our lifetime?". Bat Conservation and Management, Inc. Archived from the original on 2009-02-25. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
3. ↑ "Bat affliction found in Vermont and Massachusetts caves". Newsday.com. 2008-02-15. Retrieved 2008-02-20.^{[permanent dead link]}
4. ↑ http://www.nashuatelegraph.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090223/NEWS02/302239991^{[permanent dead link]}
5. ↑ Joe Kosack (2009). "WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME SURFACES IN PENNSYLVANIA". Archived from the original on 2014-03-06. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
6. ↑ Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (2010). "White Nose Syndrome Detected In Ontario Bats". Archived from the original on 2010-03-24. Retrieved 2010-03-19.
7. ↑ Chris Smith. "Bat in Clarksville's Dunbar Cave with deadly fungus may be migrant". The Leaf-Chronicle. Retrieved 24 March 2010.^{[permanent dead link]}
8. ↑ Pat Galbincea (2012-02-16). "Deadly white-nose syndrome found on bats in Cuyahoga and Geauga County parks". The Plain Dealer. Archived from the original on 2012-02-18. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
9. ↑ Acadia National Park News Release (2012-03-20). "Bat Disease, White-Nose Syndrome, Confirmed in Acadia National Park: Not Harmful to Humans, but Deadly to Bats" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-03-21.^{[permanent dead link]}
10. ↑ Georgia Department of Natural Resources News Release (2013-03-12). "Disease Deadly to Bats Confirmed in Georgia". Archived from the original on 2013-03-22. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
11. ↑ South Carolina Department of Natural Resources News Release (2013-03-11). "Bat disease white-nose syndrome confirmed in South Carolina". Archived from the original on 2013-03-22. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
12. ↑ Illinois Department of Natural Resources News Release (2013-02-28). "White-Nose Syndrome Confirmed in Illinois Bats" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-03-06. Retrieved 2013-03-26.