Navadni gad

Navadni gad
Znanstvena klasifikacija
Kraljestvo:	Animalia (živali)
Deblo:	Chordata (strunarji)
Poddeblo:	Vertebrata (vretenčarji)
Razred:	Sauropsida (plazilci)
Red:	Squamata (luskarji)
Podred:	Serpentes (kače)
Družina:	Viperidae (gadi)
Poddružina:	Viperinae
Rod:	Vipera
Vrsta:	V. berus
Dvočlensko ime
Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Sinonimi
Seznam sinonimov[1] [Coluber] berus - Linnaeus, 1758 [Coluber] Chersea - Linnaeus, 1758 Coluber prester - Linnaeus, 1761 Coluber vipera Anglorum - Laurenti, 1768 Coluber Melanis - Pallas, 1771 Coluber Scytha - Pallas, 1773 C[oluber]. Scytha - Bonnaterre, 1790 Vipera melanis - Sonnini & Latreille, 1801 Vipera berus - Daudin, 1803 Vipera chersea - Daudin, 1803 Vipera prester - Daudin, 1803 [Coluber] Caeruleus - Sheppard, 1804 Vipera communis - Leach, 1817 Coluber chersea var. marasso - Pollini, 1818 [Pelias] berus - Merrem, 1820 [Vipera] marasso - Sette, 1821 Vipera limnaea - Bendiscioli, 1826 Vipera trilamina - Millet, 1828 [Pelias] Chersea - Wagler, 1830 Vipera torva - Lenz, 1832 Pelias dorsalis - Gray, 1842 V[ipera]. Prester var. gagatina - Freyer, 1842 Echidnoides trilamina - Mauduyt, 1844 Vipera Pelias - Soubeiran, 1855 Pelias berus var. Prester - Günther, 1858 Pelias berus var. Chersea - Günther, 1858 P[elias berus]. Var. dorsalis - Cope, 1860 P[elias berus]. Var. niger - Cope, 1860 V[ipera]. (Pelias) berus - Jan, 1863 V[ipera]. (Pelias) berus var. prester - Jan, 1863 V[ipera]. (Pelias) berus var. lymnaea - Jan, 1863 Pelias Chersea - Erber, 1863 Pelias berus - Erber, 1863 Vipera berus var. prester - Jan & Sordelli, 1874 Vipera berus [berus] - Boettger, 1889 [Vipera berus] var. montana - Méhely, 1893 Vipera berus - Boulenger, 1896 Pelias berus lugubris - Kashehenko, 1902 Vipera berus pelias - Chabanaud, 1923 [Vipera (Pelias) berus] forma brunneomarcata - Reuss, 1923 [Vipera (Pelias) berus] forma luteoalba - Reuss, 1923 [Vipera (Pelias) berus] forma ochracea asymmetrica - Reuss, 1923 [Vipera (Pelias) berus] rudolphi-marchica - Reuss, 1924 [Vipera (Pelias) berus] forma bilineata - Reuss, 1924 Vipera (Pelias) berus forma chersea-splendens - Reuss, 1925 Vipera (Pelias) berus forma ochracea-splendens - Reuss, 1925 Vipera (Pelias) berus forma rutila - Reuss, 1925 Vipera (Pelias) berus forma punctata - Reuss, 1925 Coluber sachalinensis continentalis - Nikolski, 1927 P[elias]. sudetica - Reuss, 1927 (nomen nudum) V[ipera]. berus marchici - Reuss, 1927 Vipera berus rudolphi - Reuss, 1927 (nomen nudum) Vipera berus berus - Mertens & Müller, 1928 [Pelias] elberfeldi - Reuss, 1929 Pelias rudolphi - Reuss, 1930 Pelias schöttleri - Reuss, 1930 P[elias]. tyrolensis - Reuss, 1930 Pelias schreiberi - Reuss, 1930 Pelias flavescens - Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum) Pelias subalpina - Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum) Pelias neglecta - Reuss, 1932 Vipera berus sphagnosa - Krassawzef, 1932 Pelias occidentalis - Reuss, 1933 Pelias occidentalis oldesloensis - Reuss, 1933 (nomen nudum) Pelias occidentalis orbensis - Reuss, 1933 (nomen nudum) Pelias sudetica forma steinii - Reuss, 1935 (nomen nudum) Vipera marchici - Reuss, 1935 Pelias sudetica steinii forma emarcata - Reuss, 1937 (nomen illegitimum) Vipera (Vipera) berus berus - Obst, 1983 Vipera berus forma brunneomarcata - Golay et al., 1993 Vipera berus forma ochracea-asymmetrica - Golay et al., 1993 Vipera berus forma luteoalba - Golay et al., 1993 Pelias schoettleri - Golay et al., 1993 Coluber coeruleus - Golay et al., 1993 Vipera berus - Golay et al., 1993

Navadni gad^[2] (znanstveno ime Vipera berus) zraste od 60 do 70 cm, izjemoma do 85 cm. Ovalna glava polagoma prehaja v trup. Na zgornjem delu glave je temna lisa v obliki črke X ali V. Glava je pokrita z majhnimi luskami, vidne so največ 3 večje ploščice. Je strupena kača in se od nestrupenih loči po navpični, zoženi zenici, čokatosti in cik - cak vzorcu na hrbtu. Njegov bližnji sorodnik je laški gad, ki živi tudi v Sloveniji.

1. ↑ McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
2. ↑ Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.