Robert N. Proctor

Robert Neel Proctor, född 1954, är en amerikansk professor i vetenskapshistoria vid Stanforduniversitetet i USA.^[1]

Under sin professur vid delstaten Pennsylvanias universitet (Pennsylvania State University) var han år 1999 den förste historiker som vittnade emot tobaksbolagen.^[2] Tillsammans med sin hustru Londa Schiebinger ledde han i nio år universitetets program för vetenskap, medicin och teknik i kulturen. Paret träffades på universitetet Harvard i Cambridge utanför Boston, Massachusetts. Där erhöll de sina magisters- och doktorsexamina år 1977 och 1984, respektive.^[3] Robert N. Proctor myntade uttrycket "agnotology" som beskriver studier av kulturellt inducerad okunskap eller tvivel, särskilt offentliggörande av oriktiga eller vilseledande vetenskapliga data.^[4]^[5]

^ ”Stanford History Department : Robert N. Proctor”. Stanford University. Arkiverad från originalet den 19 mars 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070319025655/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/history/Faculty/proctor.html. Läst 12 augusti 2007.
^ Cohen, Patricia (14 juni 2003). ”History for Hire in Industry Lawsuits”. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/14/arts/14HIST.html?ex=1371009600&en=e10e0387e68ab30f&ei=5007. Läst 12 augusti 2007. ”'The historical profession has really not been prepared for this,' said Robert N. Proctor, a professor of the history of science at the University of Pennsylvania, who in 1999 became the first historian to testify against the tobacco industry. 'We don't have disclosure rules for publications, we haven't had discussions about the ethics of whether to testify or not to testify.'” (engelska)
^ ”IRWG director hopes to create 'go to' center for gender studies”. Stanford News Service. 13 oktober 2004. http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2004/october13/londa-1013.html. Läst 12 augusti 2007. (engelska)
^ Arenson, Karen W (22 augusti 2006). ”What Organizations Don't Want to Know Can Hurt”. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/22/business/22mistakes.html?ex=1313899200&en=e687ef6c5786717f&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss. ”'there is a lot more protectiveness than there used to be,' said Dr.Proctor, who is shaping a new field, the study of ignorance, which he calls agnotology. 'It is often safer not to know.'” (engelska)
^ Kreye, Andrian (15 februari 2007). ”We Will Overcome Agnotology (The Cultural Production Of Ignorance)”. The Edge World Question Center 2007. Edge Foundation, Inc. sid. 6. http://www.edge.org/q2007/q07_6.html. Läst 12 augusti 2007. ”This is about a society's choice between listening to science and falling prey to what Stanford science historian Robert N. Proctor calls agnotology (the cultural production of ignorance)” (engelska)

[1] ”Stanford History Department : Robert N. Proctor”. Stanford University. Arkiverad från originalet den 19 mars 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070319025655/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/history/Faculty/proctor.html. Läst 12 augusti 2007.

[2] Cohen, Patricia (14 juni 2003). ”History for Hire in Industry Lawsuits”. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/14/arts/14HIST.html?ex=1371009600&en=e10e0387e68ab30f&ei=5007. Läst 12 augusti 2007. ”'The historical profession has really not been prepared for this,' said Robert N. Proctor, a professor of the history of science at the University of Pennsylvania, who in 1999 became the first historian to testify against the tobacco industry. 'We don't have disclosure rules for publications, we haven't had discussions about the ethics of whether to testify or not to testify.'” (engelska)

[3] ”IRWG director hopes to create 'go to' center for gender studies”. Stanford News Service. 13 oktober 2004. http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2004/october13/londa-1013.html. Läst 12 augusti 2007. (engelska)

[4] Arenson, Karen W (22 augusti 2006). ”What Organizations Don't Want to Know Can Hurt”. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/22/business/22mistakes.html?ex=1313899200&en=e687ef6c5786717f&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss. ”'there is a lot more protectiveness than there used to be,' said Dr.Proctor, who is shaping a new field, the study of ignorance, which he calls agnotology. 'It is often safer not to know.'” (engelska)

[5] Kreye, Andrian (15 februari 2007). ”We Will Overcome Agnotology (The Cultural Production Of Ignorance)”. The Edge World Question Center 2007. Edge Foundation, Inc. sid. 6. http://www.edge.org/q2007/q07_6.html. Läst 12 augusti 2007. ”This is about a society's choice between listening to science and falling prey to what Stanford science historian Robert N. Proctor calls agnotology (the cultural production of ignorance)” (engelska)

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Robert N. Proctor

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