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Python

关于与「Python」標題相近或相同的条目，請見「Python (消歧義)」。
Python
编程范型多范型：过程式、结构化、模块化、反射式、面向对象、函数式
設計者吉多·范罗苏姆
實作者Python软件基金会
发行时间1991年，​34年前​（1991）[1]
当前版本3.14.0a3（预发布版本） 3.13.1（最稳定版本）
型態系統鸭子类型[2]、动态、强类型[3]、渐进（英语：gradual typing）（自从3.5）[4]
操作系统跨平臺
許可證Python软件基金会许可证
文件扩展名.py、.pyi、.pyc、.pyd、.pyo（3.5之前）[5]、.pyw、.pyz（自从3.5）[6]
網站www.python.org 編輯維基數據鏈接
主要實作產品
CPython、PyPy、Stackless Python、MicroPython、CircuitPython（英语：CircuitPython）、IronPython、Jython
衍生副語言
Cython、RPython
啟發語言
ABC[7]、ALGOL 68[8]、APL[9]、C[10]、C++[11]、CLU[12]、Dylan[13]、Haskell[14]、Icon[15]、Java[16]、Lisp[17]、Modula-3[11]、Perl[18]、Standard ML[9]
影響語言
Boo、Cobra（英语：Cobra (programming language)）、CoffeeScript[19]、D、F#、GDScript[20]、Genie[21]、Go[22]、Groovy、JavaScript[23][24]、Julia[25]、Mojo[26]、Nim、Ruby[27]、Starlark（英语：Bazel (software)#Starlark language）[28]、Swift[29]

Python（英式發音：/ˈpaɪθən/；美式發音：/ˈpaɪθɑːn/），是一种广泛使用的解释型、高级和通用的编程语言。Python支持多种编程范型，包括结构化、过程式、反射式、面向对象和函数式编程。它拥有动态类型系统和垃圾回收功能，能够自动管理内存使用，并且其本身拥有一个巨大而广泛的标准库。它的语言结构以及面向对象的方法，旨在帮助程序员为小型的和大型的项目编写逻辑清晰的代码。

吉多·范罗苏姆于1980年代后期开始研发Python，作为ABC语言的后继者[15]，它也可以被视为采用了叫做M-表达式（英语：M-expression）的中缀表示法的一种LISP方言[30]。吉多·范罗苏姆于1991年首次发布 Python 0.9.0[31]。Python 2.0于2000 年发布并引入了新功能。Python 3.0于2008年发布，它是该语言的主要修订版，并非完全向后兼容。Python 2于2020年随2.7.18版停止支持[32]。

Python的设计哲学，强调代码的可读性和简洁的语法，尤其是使用空格缩进来划分代码块。相比於C语言或Java，Python让开发者能够用更少的代码表达想法。

Python解释器本身几乎可以在所有的操作系统中运行，它的官方直譯器CPython是用C语言编写的。Python是一個由社群驱动的自由软件，目前由Python软件基金会管理。Python是最受欢迎的编程语言之一[33][34][35][36]。

  1. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为release的参考文献提供内容
  2. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为duck的参考文献提供内容
  3. ^ Why is Python a dynamic language and also a strongly typed language - Python Wiki. wiki.python.org. [2021-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-14）. 
  4. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为pep483的参考文献提供内容
  5. ^ File extension .pyo was removed in Python 3.5. See PEP 0488 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  6. ^ Holth, Moore. PEP 0441 -- Improving Python ZIP Application Support. 2014-03-30 [2015-11-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  7. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为faq-created的参考文献提供内容
  8. ^ Andrew Kuchling, Guido van Rossum. LJ Interviews Guido van Rossum. November 1, 1998 [2023-03-21]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-30）. String slicing came from Algol-68 and Icon. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 The Python Standard Library － Functional Programming Modules － itertools — Functions creating iterators for efficient looping. [2020-04-22]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-14）. 
  10. ^ van Rossum, Guido. An Introduction to Python for UNIX/C Programmers. Proceedings of the NLUUG Najaarsconferentie (Dutch UNIX Users Group). 1993 [2021-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-17）. even though the design of C is far from ideal, its influence on Python is considerable. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 The Python Tutorial － 9. Classes. [20 February 2012]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-23）. Compared with other programming languages, Python’s class mechanism adds classes with a minimum of new syntax and semantics. It is a mixture of the class mechanisms found in C++ and Modula-3. 
  12. ^ Fredrik Lundh. Python-list mailing list － passing by refference. [2023-03-06]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-06）. replace "CLU" with "Python", "record" with "instance", and "procedure" with "function or method", and you get a pretty accurate description of Python's object model. 
  13. ^ Simionato, Michele. The Python 2.3 Method Resolution Order. Python Software Foundation. [2021-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-20）. The C3 method itself has nothing to do with Python, since it was invented by people working on Dylan and it is described in a paper intended for lispers. 
  14. ^ Kuchling, A. M. Functional Programming HOWTO. Python v2.7.2 documentation. Python Software Foundation. [9 February 2012]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-24）. 
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 Guido van Rossum. Python Reference Manual － Version 1.2 (PDF). CWI Report CS-R9525. May 1995 [2023-03-04]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-03-05）. Python is a simple, yet powerful, interpreted programming language that bridges the gap between C and shell programming, and is thus ideally suited for "throw-away（英语：Software_prototyping#Throwaway_prototyping） programming" and rapid prototyping. Its syntax is put together from constructs borrowed from a variety of other languages; most prominent are influences from ABC, C, Modula-3 and Icon.
    The Python interpreter is easily extended with new functions and data types implemented in C. Python is also suitable as an extension language for highly customizable C applications such as editors or window managers.     
  16. ^ Smith, Kevin D.; Jewett, Jim J.; Montanaro, Skip; Baxter, Anthony. PEP 318 – Decorators for Functions and Methods. Python Enhancement Proposals. Python Software Foundation. 2 September 2004 [24 February 2012]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-03）. 
  17. ^ More Control Flow Tools. Python 3 documentation. Python Software Foundation. [24 July 2015]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-04）. 
  18. ^ re — Regular expression operations. docs.python.org. [2022-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-18）. This module provides regular expression matching operations similar to those found in Perl. 
  19. ^ CoffeeScript. coffeescript.org. [2021-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-12）. 
  20. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为gdscript的参考文献提供内容
  21. ^ The Genie Programming Language Tutorial. [28 February 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-01）. 
  22. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为go的参考文献提供内容
  23. ^ Perl and Python influences in JavaScript. www.2ality.com. 24 February 2013 [15 May 2015]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  24. ^ Rauschmayer, Axel. Chapter 3: The Nature of JavaScript; Influences. O'Reilly, Speaking JavaScript. [15 May 2015]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. 
  25. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为Julia的参考文献提供内容
  26. ^ Krill, Paul. Mojo language marries Python and MLIR for AI development. InfoWorld. 2023-05-04 [2023-05-05]. （原始内容存档于5 May 2023） （英语）. 
  27. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为bini的参考文献提供内容
  28. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为starlark的参考文献提供内容
  29. ^ Lattner, Chris. Chris Lattner's Homepage. Chris Lattner. 3 June 2014 [3 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-25）. Of course, it also greatly benefited from the experiences hard-won by many other languages in the field, drawing ideas from Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU, and far too many others to list. 
  30. ^ 彼德·諾米格. Python for Lisp Programmers. [2020-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-14）. Python can be seen as a dialect of Lisp with "traditional" syntax (what Lisp people call "infix" or "m-lisp" syntax). 
  31. ^ Rossum, Guido Van. The History of Python: A Brief Timeline of Python. The History of Python. 2009-01-20 [2021-03-05]. （原始内容存档于5 June 2020）. 
  32. ^ Peterson, Benjamin. Python Insider: Python 2.7.18, the last release of Python 2. Python Insider. 20 April 2020 [27 April 2020]. （原始内容存档于26 April 2020）. 
  33. ^ Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2020. Stack Overflow. [2021-03-05]. （原始内容存档于2 March 2021）. 
  34. ^ The State of Developer Ecosystem in 2020 Infographic. JetBrains: Developer Tools for Professionals and Teams. [2021-03-05]. （原始内容存档于1 March 2021） （英语）. 
  35. ^ index | TIOBE - The Software Quality Company. www.tiobe.com. [2021-02-02]. （原始内容存档于25 February 2018）. Python has won the TIOBE programming language of the year award! This is for the fourth time in the history, which is a record! The title is awarded to the programming language that has gained most popularity in one year. 
  36. ^ PYPL PopularitY of Programming Language index. pypl.github.io. [2021-03-26]. （原始内容存档于14 March 2017） （英语）. 
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