Back عجم Arabic عجم ARZ আজম Bengali/Bangla عەجەم CKB ʿAdscham German عجم Persian Ajam French Ajam ID アジャム Japanese Ecem Kurdish
ʿAjam (Arabic: عجم, lit. 'mute') is an Arabic word for a non-Arab, especially a Persian.[1][2][3]: 26-27 It was historically used as a pejorative—figuratively ascribing muteness to those whose native language is not Arabic—during and after the Muslim conquest of Iran.[4] Since the early Muslim conquests, it has been adopted in various non-Arabic languages, such as Turkish, Azerbaijani, Chechen, Kurdish, Malay, Sindhi, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Kashmiri, and Swahili. Today, the terms ʿAjam and ʿAjamī continue to be used to refer to anyone or anything Iranian, particularly in the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf. Communities speaking the Persian language in the Arab world exist among the Iraqis, the Kuwaitis, and the Bahrainis, in addition to others. A number of Arabs with Iranian heritage may have the surname ʿAjamī (عجمي), which has the same meaning as the original word.
- ^ "Sakhr: Multilingual Dictionary". Retrieved 6 February 2017.
- ^ Lewis, Bernard (11 June 1991). The Political Language of Islam. University Of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226476936.
- ^ "تاريخ العرق الفارسي في البحرين" [History of the Persian race in Bahrain] (PDF). Al-Waqt (1346). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-06-12.
- ^ Frye, Richard Nelson; Zarrinkoub, Abdolhosein (1975). "Section on The Arab Conquest of Iran". Cambridge History of Iran. 4. London: 46.