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| Andijan massacre | |||
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_-_Where_2005_Massacre_Took_Place_-_Andijon_-_Uzbekistan_-_01_(7543269364)_(cropped).jpg) Bobur Square, the location of the events | |||
| Date | 13 May 2005 | ||
| Location | |||
| Caused by |
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| Methods | |||
| Resulted in |
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No centralised leaders | |||
| Casualties | |||
| Death(s) | 187–1,500 | ||
On 13 May 2005, protests erupted in Andijan, Uzbekistan. At one point, troops from the Uzbek National Security Service (SNB) fired into a crowd of protesters.[1][2][3] Estimates of those killed on 13 May range from 187, the official count of the government, to several hundred.[1][4] A defector from the SNB alleged that 1,500 were killed.[5] The bodies of many of those who died were allegedly hidden in mass graves following the massacre.[6]
Three narratives concerning the events exist:
- The Uzbek government said the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan organised the unrest and the protesters were members of Hizb ut-Tahrir.[7]
- Critics of the government argue that the Islamist radical label provides a pretext for maintaining a repressive regime in the country.
- A third theory is that the dispute was really an inter-clan struggle for state power.[3]
The Uzbek government did however acknowledge that poor economic conditions in the region and popular resentment played a role in the uprising.[8] Troops may possibly have fired indiscriminately to quell a prison break.[9][10][11][12]
It was claimed that calls from Western governments for an international investigation prompted a major shift in Uzbek foreign policy favouring closer relations with autocratic nations, although the Uzbek government is known to have close ties with the U.S. government, and the Bush administration had declared Uzbekistan to be vital to US security because it hired out a large military base to US military forces. The Uzbek government ordered the closing of the United States Karshi-Khanabad Air Base and improved ties with the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation, who supported the government's response in Andijan.[2][13]
- ^ a b "Preliminary Findings on the Events in Andijan, Uzbekistan, 13 May 2005". Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Warsaw. 20 June 2005. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
- ^ a b Beehner, Lionel (26 June 2006). "Documenting Andijan". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
- ^ a b Burnashev, Rustam; Irina Chernykh. "Changes in Uzbekistan's Military Policy after the Andijan Events". China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly. 5 (I): 67–73.
- ^ Usmanova, Dilya. "Andijan: A Policeman's Account". Institute for War and Peace Reporting. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
- ^ Donovan, Jeffrey (1 September 2008). "Former Uzbek Spy Accuses Government of Massacres, Seeks Asylum". RFE/RL. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
- ^ "The Andijan massacre a year after". Columbia Radio News. 10 June 2007. Archived from the original on 10 June 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
- ^ "Border situation between Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan returns to normal". ReliefWeb. 26 May 2005. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
- ^ "Uzbekistan: Karimov Reappraises Andijon". RFE/RL. 19 October 2006. Archived from the original on 22 January 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
- ^ C. J. Chivers; Ethan Wilensky-Lanford (17 May 2005). "Uzbeks Say Troops Shot Recklessly at Civilians". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
- ^ "Uzbek troops clash with protesters". CNN. 13 May 2005. Archived from the original on 13 August 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
- ^ ""Bullets Were Falling Like Rain" The Andijan Massacre, May 13, 2005". Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
- ^ Chivers, C. J. (23 May 2005). "Toe Tags Offer Clues to Uzbeks' Uprising". Archived from the original on 10 April 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
- ^ Rodriguez, Alex (22 November 2005). "US closes air base in Uzbekistan amid uprising dispute". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2014.