Back أنطونيو دي أولوا Arabic انطونيو دى اولوا ARZ آنتونیو د اولوآ AZB Antonio de Ulloa Catalan Antonio de Ulloa German Antonio de Ulloa Spanish Antonio de Ulloa Basque آنتونیو د اویوآ Persian Antonio de Ulloa Finnish Antonio de Ulloa French
Antonio de Ulloa | |
|---|---|
 Posthumous portrait by Andrés Cortés (1856) | |
| Born | 12 January 1716 |
| Died | 3 July 1795 (aged 79) |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Alma mater | Real Compañía de Guardias Marinas (Spanish Naval Academy) |
| Spouse | Francisca Remírez de Laredo y Encalada |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Geodesy, astronomy, metallurgy, natural history |
| 1st Spanish Governor of Louisiana | |
| In office 1763–1768 | |
| Monarch | Charles III |
| Preceded by | Charles Philippe Aubry as French Colonial Governor |
| Succeeded by | Charles Philippe Aubry (Acting) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Viceroyalty of New Spain Kingdom of Spain |
| Branch/service | Spanish Navy |
| Rank | Vice admiral |
Antonio de Ulloa y de la Torre-Guiral (12 January 1716 – 3 July 1795) was a Spanish Navy officer. He spent much of his career in the Americas, where he carried out important scientific work. He also served the Spanish Empire as an administrator in the Viceroyalty of Peru and in Spanish Louisiana.
At the age of nineteen, Ulloa joined the French Geodesic Mission to the Equator, which established that the shape of the Earth is an oblate spheroid, flattened at the poles, as predicted by Isaac Newton. The mission took more than eight years to complete its work, during which time Ulloa, in close collaboration with his fellow naval officer Jorge Juan, made many astronomical, natural, and social observations in South America. Ulloa and Juan also helped to organize the defense of the Peruvian coast against the English squadron of Commodore Anson, after the outbreak of the War of Jenkins' Ear in 1739.
The reports of Ulloa's scientific findings during his time in South America earned him an international reputation. Notably, Ulloa published the first detailed observations of the metal platinum, later identified as a new chemical element. Ulloa returned to Europe in 1745. He was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1746, and as a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1751.
From 1758 to 1764, Ulloa served as governor of Huancavelica, in Peru, and as superintendent of the mercury mines of the region. There he fought unsuccessfully against the corruption of the local administration. Following the Seven Years' War, Ulloa became the first governor of Spanish Louisiana in 1766. His rule was strongly resisted by the French Creoles of New Orleans, who expelled him from the city during the Rebellion of 1768. Ulloa continued to serve in the Spanish Navy, achieving the rank of vice admiral and becoming its chief of operations.