Back Archeologické naleziště města Liang-ču Czech سایت باستانشناسی لیانژو Persian ליאנגג'ו HE 良渚遺跡 Japanese 良渚遗址 Chinese
良渚古城遗址 | |||||||
 Ruins of west city walls | |||||||
| Location | Pingyao and Liangzhu, Yuhang district, Hangzhou | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Region | Zhejiang | ||||||
| Coordinates | 30°23′44″N 119°59′27″E / 30.39556°N 119.99083°E | ||||||
| Type | Settlement | ||||||
| History | |||||||
| Cultures | Liangzhu culture | ||||||
| Site notes | |||||||
| Discovered | 1936 | ||||||
| Management | Liangzhu Archaeological Site Administrative District Management Committee | ||||||
| Website | Official website (in Chinese) | ||||||
| Official name | Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City | ||||||
| Location |  China | ||||||
| Criteria | (iii), (iv) | ||||||
| Reference | 1592 | ||||||
| Inscription | 2019 (43rd Session) | ||||||
| Area | 1,433.66 ha (3,542.7 acres) | ||||||
| Buffer zone | 9,980.29 ha (24,661.8 acres) | ||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 良渚古城遺址 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 良渚古城遗址 | ||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 良渚遺址 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 良渚遗址 | ||||||
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The archaeological ruins of Liangzhu[a] City, or simply the Liangzhu site,[1][2] consist of a cluster of Neolithic sites located in the Liangzhu Subdistrict and Pingyao Town of Yuhang, Hangzhou, China.[3] Initially excavated by Shi Xingeng in 1936, the ruins were recognised to belong to a previously unknown civilisation, termed Liangzhu culture, in 1959.[4] The site was confirmed as an ancient city after the discovery of its city walls in 2006.[5]
Situated in the southwestern part of the Liangzhu cultural area, this city is thought to have been the political and spiritual centre of Liangzhu culture, exemplifying a prehistoric, rice-cultivating urban society of an early state in the Yangtze River basin. The site includes a walled city with palatial complexes, ceremonial areas, and an intricate hydraulic system, indicative of a highly developed society with centralised governance.[3] The hydraulic system of Liangzhu is by far the earliest known one in the world.[6] Existing from approximately 3300 to 2300 BCE, the city was ultimately abandoned, and the civilisation collapsed due to extensive flooding linked to climate change.[7]
Recognised as one of the earliest examples of Chinese civilisation,[8] the ruins are managed by the Liangzhu Site District Management Committee, which oversees the Liangzhu National Archaeological Site Park.[9] The city ruins, along with the Yaoshan site, were designated a major cultural heritage sites under national protection in 1996, while the hydraulic system received provincial protection in 2017.[10] Together, these sites were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2019.[8]
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- ^ Deng, Zhangyu (December 9, 2022). "Ancient kingdom reveals its secrets". China Daily. Archived from the original on 2024-11-11. Retrieved 2024-11-11.
- ^ Xiao, Jiayi; Shang, Zhiyuan; Zhang, Zixin; Xiao, Shengjun; Jia, Xin (2023-01-20). "A preliminary study on the mechanism of the Liangzhu culture's migration across the Yangtze river". Frontiers in Earth Science. 11. Bibcode:2023FrEaS..1121469X. doi:10.3389/feart.2023.1121469. ISSN 2296-6463.
- ^ a b State Administration of Cultural Heritage 2019, 2.a-1 General Description of the Property
- ^ Zhu 2023, Chapter 1. A Few Concepts About “Liangzhu”
- ^ Zhu 2023, Chapter 7. The Walls Surrounded on All Sides—The Ruins of the City Wall of the “China’s First City”
- ^ Liu, Bin; Wang, Ningyuan; Chen, Minghui; Wu, Xiaohong; Mo, Duowen; Liu, Jianguo; Xu, Shijin; Zhuang, Yijie (2017-12-26). "Earliest hydraulic enterprise in China, 5,100 years ago". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (52): 13637–13642. Bibcode:2017PNAS..11413637L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1710516114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5748178. PMID 29203672.
- ^ Zhang, Haiwei; Cheng, Hai; Sinha, Ashish; Spötl, Christoph; Cai, Yanjun; Liu, Bin; Kathayat, Gayatri; Li, Hanying; Tian, Ye; Li, Youwei; Zhao, Jingyao; Sha, Lijuan; Lu, Jiayu; Meng, Binglin; Niu, Xiaowen (2021-11-26). "Collapse of the Liangzhu and other Neolithic cultures in the lower Yangtze region in response to climate change". Science Advances. 7 (48): eabi9275. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.9275Z. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abi9275. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 8626068. PMID 34826247.
- ^ a b "Jade and Prosecco see China and Italy tie for most world heritage sites". ABC News. 2019-07-08. Retrieved 2024-11-09.
- ^ Wang, Dongdong; Nakamura, Shin’ichi (2018). "Case studies in large-scale archaeological site conservation and management in china: the Liangzhu, Yin Xu, and Han Yangling sites" (PDF). História: Questões & Debates, Curitiba. 66 (1): 113–140. doi:10.5380/his.v66i1.57406.
- ^ State Administration of Cultural Heritage 2019, 5.b Protective Designation