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Battle of Vyborg Bay (1790)

For the 1944 battle, see Battle of Vyborg Bay (1944).
Battle of Vyborg Bay
Part of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)

Battle of Vyborg Bay, by Ivan Aivazovsky
Date3 July (O.S.: 22 June) 1790
Location
Krysserort near Vyborg (Vyborg Bay), Vyborg Governorate, Russia
Result See § Aftermath
Belligerents
Russian Empire Russian Empire Sweden Kingdom of Sweden
Commanders and leaders
Russian Empire Admiral Vasily Chichagov
Russian Empire Pyotr Khanykov
Russian Empire Illarion Povalishin [ru]		 Sweden Gustav III
Sweden Prince Karl, Duke of Södermanland
Sweden Rudolf Cederström
Strength
2,718 naval cannons[2]
21,000 men[2]
(number of cannon and men does not include rowing craft)

20[4]–22 ships of the line[1]
10[1]–12 frigates[4]
(in total) [NB 1]

3,000 naval cannons[2]
30,000[4]–40,000 seamen and soldiers including arch. landing party[d]
Casualties and losses
  • One estimate:
  • not a single vessel lost
  • 117 killed
  • 164 wounded[6][7][8]


    Another estimate:
  • 6 ships of the line out of action
  • 1,000 men[9]
  • One estimate:
  • 5 ships of the line
  • 3 frigates
  • 6 galleys
  • 14 gunboats
  • c. 30 transports
  • 5,000 men
  • 2 additional ships of the line lost after the battle[9]


    Another estimate:
  • 7–9[10] ships of the line
  • 3 frigates
  • 54 smaller vessels
  • 7,000 men[6][1]

The Battle of Vyborg Bay (or the Battle of Vyborg)[e] was a naval battle fought between Russia and Sweden on 3 July 1790 in Vyborg Bay off the coast of Vyborg during the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790). The Swedish Navy suffered heavy losses, losing seven ships of the line and three frigates, but Gustav III of Sweden eventually ensured a Swedish naval escape through a Russian naval blockade composed of units of the Baltic Fleet, commanded by Admiral Vasily Chichagov.[11] British historians would later call the Battle of Vyborg Bay the "Baltic Trafalgar".[2] The battle ranks among the world's largest historical naval battles[not verified in body] and also among the most influential, as it introduced the naval battle concept of "firepower over mobility".[not verified in body]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Выборгское морское сражение // Sytin Military Encyclopedia. Vol. 7: "Воинская честь — Гимнастика военная", pp. 99–101.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Vyborg and Rochensalm (The History of Russian Navy)". Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
  3. ^ Novikov 1948, p. 140.
  4. ^ a b c d e Iko & Hårdstedt 2003, pp. 388–394.
  5. ^ a b Rosén & Westrin 1893, pp. 841–842.
  6. ^ a b Sozaev E., Tredrea J. Russian Warships in the Age of Sail 1696-1860: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. 2010. pp. 12, 67.
  7. ^ Леер Г. А. (ред.) Энциклопедия военных и морских наук. СПб. Т. II. 1885. С. 341.
  8. ^ Шопотов К. А. Выборгское морское сражение (к 210-летию) // Страницы Выборгской истории. Т. I. 2000. С. 158.
  9. ^ a b Mattila (1983) p. 208.
  10. ^ Егоршина 2023, p. 184.
  11. ^ Novikov 1948, p. 141.


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