Back اتفاقية لندن (1861) Arabic Convención de Londres Spanish Convention de Londres (1861) French Convención de Londres de 1861 Galician Trattato di Londra (1861) Italian Tratado de Londres (1861) Portuguese Лондонська конвенція (1861) Ukrainian
| Type | Military alliance |
|---|---|
| Drafted | 23 September 1861 – 11 October 1861[1]: 27 |
| Signed | 31 October 1861 |
| Location | London, United Kingdom |
| Effective | 31 October 1861 |
| Condition | Forces meet at Vera-Cruz[1]: 33 |
| Expiration | 18 April 1862[2]: 89 |
| Signatories | |
| Parties | |
| Ratifiers |
|
| Depositary | London, United Kingdom Document No. 100. pp. 134–137, Vol. VIII. House Executive Documents, 2nd session, 37th Congress.[3]: 315 |
| Languages | French, English[3]: 315 |
The Convention of London was a treaty, signed by France, Spain, and the United Kingdom, on 31 October 1861. The purpose of the treaty was to agree on a course of action towards obtaining loan repayments from Mexico.[4]: 552 Although this went against the main tenet of the Monroe Doctrine (European non-intervention in the Americas), the United States was not in a position to offer much opposition as it was engulfed in its own civil war.
It led the three countries to dispatch an expedition to Mexico to seek a complete repayment of their debt. After the French made aggressive and unreasonable demands towards the Mexican government, Spain and Britain, realising France's intention to turn Mexico into a puppet state, pulled their troops from Mexico and quickly signed treaties with Mexico allowing them an indefinite hold on the repayment of debt. The resulting struggle is known as the French intervention in Mexico by the army of the Second French Empire, also known as the Maximilian Affair and The Franco-Mexican War.[4]: 553
- ^ a b Gustave Niox (1874). Expédition du Mexique, 1861–1867; récit politique & militaire [Mexican Expedition, 1861–1867, military & political narrative] (in French). Paris, France: J. Dumaine. ASIN B004IL4IB4. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
- ^ a b Percy Falcke Martin (1914). Maximilian in Mexico. The story of the French intervention (1861–1867). New York, United States: C. Scribner's sons. ISBN 9781445576466. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
- ^ a b Clyde Augustus Duniway (1903). "Reasons for the withdrawal of the French from Mexico". Annual report of the American Historical Association (1890). Vol. I. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
- ^ a b David Marley (1998). Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the New World, 1492 to the Present. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9780874368376.