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Education in Turkey

Istanbul University, founded in 1453 by Sultan Mehmed II, was previously known as Darülfünun. On August 1, 1933, as part of Atatürk's reforms, it was reorganized and became the Republic's first modern university.[1]

Education in Turkey is governed by a national system which was established in accordance with Atatürk's Reforms. It is a state-supervised system designed to produce a skillful professional class for the social and economic institutes of the country.[2]

Compulsory education lasts 12 years. Primary and secondary education is financed by the state and free of charge in public schools, between the ages of 6 and 19. Turkey has over 200 universities as of 2022.[3] ÖSYS, after which high school graduates are assigned to university according to their performance.[4]

Turkey has 97% of primary school enrollment among all eligible children as of 2019. This number has significantly dropped with the Syrian refugee crisis. Many Syrian children left school during the crisis.[5]

In 2002, the total expenditure on education in Turkey amounted to $13.4 billion, including the state budget allocated through the National Ministry of Education and private and international funds.[6] The share of national wealth invested in educational institutions is higher in Turkey than average among OECD countries.[7] Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey is the main national body of R&D in Turkey.

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative (HRMI)[8] finds that when taking into consideration Turkey's income level, the nation is achieving 61.7% of what should be possible based on its resources (income) for primary education and 86.1% for secondary education.[9]

  1. ^ "History". istanbul.edu.tr. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  2. ^ Özelli, M. Tunç (January 1974). "The Evolution of the Formal Educational System and Its Relation to Economic Growth Policies in the First Turkish Republic". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 5 (1). London: Cambridge University Press: 77–92. doi:10.1017/s0020743800032803. ISSN 0020-7438. JSTOR 162345. S2CID 154739517.
  3. ^ "Destination Guides Study in Turkey". www.topuniversities.com/. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  4. ^ Guide For Foreign Students Who Wants To Education In Turkey Archived 15 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "Turkey: Primary school enrollment". www.theglobaleconomy.com. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  6. ^ 2002 Report by Turkish Statistical Institute, Prime Ministry of the Republic of Turkey.
  7. ^ "Education at a Glance 2021". www.oecd-ilibrary.org. OECD Indicators. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  8. ^ "Human Rights Measurement Initiative". Human Rights Measurement Initiative. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  9. ^ "Turkey". Rights Tracker.org. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
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