Back تيار الجهد العالي المستمر Arabic Corrent continu d'alta tensió Catalan Stejnosměrný proud o vysokém napětí Czech HVDC Danish Hochspannungs-Gleichstrom-Übertragung German Συνεχές ρεύμα υψηλής τάσης Greek Corriente continua de alta tensión Spanish Alalisvooluühendus Estonian جریان مستقیم ولتاژ بالا Persian Suurjännitetasavirta Finnish

High-voltage direct current

Long distance HVDC lines carrying hydroelectricity from Canada's Nelson River to this converter station where it is converted to AC for use in southern Manitoba's grid

A high-voltage direct current (HVDC) electric power transmission system uses direct current (DC) for electric power transmission, in contrast with the more common alternating current (AC) transmission systems.[1] Most HVDC links use voltages between 100 kV and 800 kV.

HVDC lines are commonly used for long-distance power transmission, since they require fewer conductors and incur less power loss than equivalent AC lines. HVDC also allows power transmission between AC transmission systems that are not synchronized. Since the power flow through an HVDC link can be controlled independently of the phase angle between source and load, it can stabilize a network against disturbances due to rapid changes in power. HVDC also allows the transfer of power between grid systems running at different frequencies, such as 50 and 60 Hz. This improves the stability and economy of each grid, by allowing the exchange of power between previously incompatible networks.

The modern form of HVDC transmission uses technology developed extensively in the 1930s in Sweden (ASEA) and in Germany. Early commercial installations included one in the Soviet Union in 1951 between Moscow and Kashira, and a 100 kV, 20 MW system between Gotland and mainland Sweden in 1954.[2] Before the Chinese project of 2019, the longest HVDC link in the world was the Rio Madeira link in Brazil, which consists of two bipoles of ±600 kV, 3150 MW each, connecting Porto Velho in the state of Rondônia to the São Paulo area with a length of more than 2,500 km (1,600 mi).[3]

HVDC links in Europe
  Existing links
  Under construction
  Proposed
Many of these HVDC lines transfer power from renewable sources such as hydro and wind. For names, see also the annotated version.[needs update]
  1. ^ Arrillaga, Jos; High Voltage Direct Current Transmission, second edition, Institution of Electrical Engineers, ISBN 0 85296 941 4, 1998.
  2. ^ Hingorani, N.G. (1996). "High-voltage DC transmission: a power electronics workhorse". IEEE Spectrum. 33 (4): 63–72. doi:10.1109/6.486634.
  3. ^ ABB HVDC Archived 2011-12-06 at the Wayback Machine website.
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