Back فيروس هربس بيتا البشري 5 Arabic فيروس هربس بيتا البشرى 5 ARZ Lidský cytomegalovirus Czech Humanes Cytomegalievirus German Herpesvirus umano 5 Italian Menneskecytomegalovirus NN Цитомегаловирус человека Russian Humani citomegalovirus Serbian ฮิวแมนซัยโตเมกาโลไวรัส Thai 人巨细胞病毒 Chinese

Human cytomegalovirus

"HCMV" redirects here. For the airport with the same ICAO code, see Burao Airport.

Human cytomegalovirus
SpecialtyInfectious disease
Human cytomegalovirus
CMV infection of a human lung pneumocyte
CMV infection of a human lung pneumocyte
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Duplodnaviria
Kingdom: Heunggongvirae
Phylum: Peploviricota
Class: Herviviricetes
Order: Herpesvirales
Family: Orthoherpesviridae
Genus: Cytomegalovirus
Species:
Cytomegalovirus humanbeta5
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Human betaherpesvirus 5
  • Human herpesvirus 5

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), also called human herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5), is a species of virus in the genus Cytomegalovirus, which in turn is a member of the viral family known as Herpesviridae or herpesviruses. It is also commonly called CMV.[3] Within Herpesviridae, HCMV belongs to the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily, which also includes cytomegaloviruses from other mammals.[4] CMV is a double-stranded DNA virus.[5]

Although they may be found throughout the body, HCMV infections are frequently associated with the salivary glands.[4] HCMV infection is typically unnoticed in healthy people, but can be life-threatening for the immunocompromised, such as HIV-infected persons, organ transplant recipients, or newborn infants.[3] Congenital cytomegalovirus infection can lead to significant morbidity and even death. After infection, HCMV remains latent within the body throughout life and can be reactivated at any time. Eventually, it may cause mucoepidermoid carcinoma and possibly other malignancies[6] such as prostate cancer,[7][8] breast cancer,[9] ovarian cancer[10] and glioblastoma.[11][12]

HCMV is found in all geographic locations and all socioeconomic groups, and infects between 60% and 70% of adults in the first world and almost 100% in the third world.[13] Of all herpes viruses, HCMV harbors the most genes dedicated to altering (evading) innate and adaptive host immunity and represents a lifelong burden of antigenic T cell surveillance and immune dysfunction.[14] Commonly it is indicated by the presence of antibodies in the general population.[3] Seroprevalence is age-dependent: 58.9% of individuals aged 6 and older are infected with CMV while 90.8% of individuals aged 80 and older are positive for HCMV.[15] HCMV is also the virus most frequently transmitted to a developing fetus.[16] HCMV infection is more widespread in developing countries and in communities with lower socioeconomic status and represents the most significant viral cause of birth defects in industrialized countries. Congenital HCMV is the leading infectious cause of deafness, learning disabilities, and intellectual disability in children.[17] CMV also "seems to have a large impact on immune parameters in later life and may contribute to increased morbidity and eventual mortality."[18]

  1. ^ Davison, Andrew (27 January 2016). "Rename species in the family Herpesviridae to incorporate a subfamily designation" (PDF). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 13 March 2019.
  2. ^ "History of the taxon: Species: Cytomegalovirus humanbeta5 (2023 Release, MSL #39)". ictv.global. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  3. ^ a b c Ryan KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 556, 566–9. ISBN 978-0-8385-8529-0.
  4. ^ a b Koichi Yamanishi; Arvin, Ann M.; Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume; Edward Mocarski; Moore, Patrick; Roizman, Bernard; Whitley, Richard (2007). Human herpesviruses: biology, therapy, and immunoprophylaxis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82714-0.
  5. ^ Zanella M, Cordey S, Kaiser L (2020). "Beyond Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus: a Review of Viruses Composing the Blood Virome of Solid Organ Transplant and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 33 (4): e00027-20. doi:10.1128/CMR.00027-20. PMC 7462738. PMID 32847820.
  6. ^ Melnick M, Sedghizadeh PP, Allen CM, Jaskoll T (10 November 2011). "Human cytomegalovirus and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands: cell-specific localization of active viral and oncogenic signaling proteins is confirmatory of a causal relationship". Experimental and Molecular Pathology. 92 (1): 118–25. doi:10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.10.011. PMID 22101257.
  7. ^ Geder L, Sanford EJ, Rohner TJ, Rapp F (1977). "Cytomegalovirus and cancer of the prostate: in vitro transformation of human cells". Cancer Treat Rep. 61 (2): 139–46. PMID 68820.
  8. ^ Bouezzedine, Fidaa; El Baba, Ranim; Haidar Ahmad, Sandy; Herbein, Georges (January 2023). "Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells Generated from Human Cytomegalovirus-Infected Prostate Epithelial Cells". Cancers. 15 (20): 4994. doi:10.3390/cancers15204994. PMC 10604969. PMID 37894361.
  9. ^ Kumar, Amit; Tripathy, Manoj Kumar; Pasquereau, Sébastien; Al Moussawi, Fatima; Abbas, Wasim; Coquard, Laurie; Khan, Kashif Aziz; Russo, Laetitia; Algros, Marie-Paule; Valmary-Degano, Séverine; Adotevi, Olivier (April 2018). "The Human Cytomegalovirus Strain DB Activates Oncogenic Pathways in Mammary Epithelial Cells". eBioMedicine. 30: 167–183. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.03.015. PMC 5952350. PMID 29628341.
  10. ^ El Baba, Ranim; Haidar Ahmad, Sandy; Monnien, Franck; Mansar, Racha; Bibeau, Frédéric; Herbein, Georges (October 2023). "Polyploidy, EZH2 upregulation, and transformation in cytomegalovirus-infected human ovarian epithelial cells". Oncogene. 42 (41): 3047–3061. doi:10.1038/s41388-023-02813-4. PMC 10555822. PMID 37634008.
  11. ^ Guyon, Joris; Haidar Ahmad, Sandy; El Baba, Ranim; Le Quang, Mégane; Bikfalvi, Andreas; Daubon, Thomas; Herbein, Georges (July 2024). "Generation of glioblastoma in mice engrafted with human cytomegalovirus-infected astrocytes". Cancer Gene Therapy. 31 (7): 1070–1080. doi:10.1038/s41417-024-00767-7. PMC 11257955. PMID 38553638.
  12. ^ El Baba, Ranim; Pasquereau, Sébastien; Haidar Ahmad, Sandy; Monnien, Franck; Abad, Marine; Bibeau, Frédéric; Herbein, Georges (June 2023). "EZH2-Myc driven glioblastoma elicited by cytomegalovirus infection of human astrocytes". Oncogene. 42 (24): 2031–2045. doi:10.1038/s41388-023-02709-3. PMC 10256614. PMID 37147437.
  13. ^ T. Fülöp; A. Larbi & G. Pawelec (September 2013). "Human T cell aging and the impact of persistent viral infections". Frontiers in Immunology. 4: 271. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00271. PMC 3772506. PMID 24062739. article: 271.
  14. ^ S. Varani & M. P. Landini (2011). "Cytomegalovirus-induced immunopathology and its clinical consequences". Herpesviridae. 2 (6): 6. doi:10.1186/2042-4280-2-6. PMC 3082217. PMID 21473750.
  15. ^ Staras SA, Dollard SC, Radford KW, Flanders WD, Pass RF, Cannon MJ (November 2006). "Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in the United States, 1988–1994". Clin. Infect. Dis. 43 (9): 1143–51. doi:10.1086/508173. PMID 17029132.
  16. ^ Britt, William J. (1 August 2017). "Congenital Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and the Enigma of Maternal Immunity". Journal of Virology. 91 (15): e02392–16. doi:10.1128/JVI.02392-16. PMC 5512250. PMID 28490582.
  17. ^ Elizabeth G. Damato; Caitlin W. Winnen (2006). "Cytomegalovirus infection: perinatal implications". J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 31 (1): 86–92. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2002.tb00026.x. PMID 11843023.
  18. ^ Caruso C, et al. (2009). "Mechanisms of immunosenescence". Immun Ageing. 6: 10. doi:10.1186/1742-4933-6-10. PMC 2723084. PMID 19624841.
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