Back পাশ্বায়ী ভাষা Assamese پشهای دیلی AZB Пашайски език Bulgarian পাশাই ভাষা Bengali/Bangla Pashai German Peşeyiki DIQ زبان پشهای Persian Pašain kieli Finnish Pashai French पाशाई भाषा Hindi
| Pashayi | |
|---|---|
| Pashai | |
| زبان پشهای Zabân Pašhây | |
 Pashayi in Nastaliq | |
| Native to | Afghanistan |
| Ethnicity | Pashayi |
Native speakers | (400,000 cited 2000–2011)[1] |
| Pashayi alphabet | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:aee – Northeasternglh – Northwesternpsi – Southeasternpsh – Southwestern |
| Glottolog | pash1270 |
| Linguasphere | 59-AAA-a |
_in_Afghanistan.jpg) Linguistic map of Afghanistan; Pashayi is spoken in the purple area in the east. | |
 Pashayi is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Pashayi or Pashai (Persian: زبان پشه ای; Pashto: پشه اې ژبه) is a group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken by the Pashai people in parts of Kapisa, Laghman, Nangarhar, Nuristan, Kunar and Kabul (Surobi District) provinces in Northeastern Afghanistan.[2]
The Pashayi languages had no known written form prior to 2003.[3] There are four mutually unintelligible varieties, with only about a 30% lexical similarity:[1]
- Northeastern: Aret, Chalas (Chilas), Kandak, Korangal, Kurdar dialects
- Northwestern: Alasai, Bolaghain, Gulbahar, Kohnadeh, Laurowan, Najil, Nangarach, Pachagan, Pandau, Parazhghan, Pashagar, Sanjan, Shamakot, Shutul, Uzbin, Wadau dialects
- Southeastern: Damench, Laghmani, Sum, Upper and Lower Darai Nur, Wegali dialects
- Southwestern: Ishpi, Isken, Tagau dialects
A grammar of the language was written as a doctoral dissertation in 2014.[4]
- ^ a b Northeastern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Northwestern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Southeastern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Southwestern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ Masica, Colin P. (1991). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 440.
- ^ Yun, Ju-Hong (2003). Pashai Language Development Project: Promoting Pashai language, literacy and community development (PDF). Conference on language development, language revitalization and multilingual education in minority communities in Asia. 6–8 November 2003. Bangkok, Thailand. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
- ^ Lehr, Rachel (2014). A Descriptive Grammar of Pashai: The Language and Speech Community of Darrai Nur (PhD thesis). University of Chicago. ISBN 978-1-321-22417-7. ProQuest 1620321674.