Peruvians

Peruvians
Peruanos

Total population
c. 38.2 million Diaspora 5.1 million
Regions with significant populations
33,105,273 (2019 estimate)
United States	751,519[1]
Argentina	319,183[2]
Spain	265,441[3]
Chile	260,785 (2023)[4]
Italy	94,131[5]
Venezuela	44,319[6]
Japan	49,068[7]
Brazil	49,412[8]
Canada	42,295[9]
France	30,000[10]
Australia	11,571[11]
Germany	9,000[12]
Switzerland	17,112
Sweden	8,598[13]
Mexico	4,948[14]
United Kingdom	7,985[15]
Netherlands	4.749[16]
Colombia	4,042[17]
French Guiana (Overseas France)	2,500[18]
Dominican Republic	1,489[19]
Aruba	1,100[20]
Languages
Peruvian Spanish • Quechua • Aymara
Religion
Predominantly: 76.03% Catholicism Minorities: 5.09% Irreligion, 14.07% Evangelical, 1.64% Non-denominational Christian, 1.52% Adventist, 0.75% Jehovah's Witness, 0.49% Mormon and 0.41% Other[21]

Peruvians (Spanish: peruanos/peruanas) are the citizens of Peru. What is now Peru has been inhabited for several millennia by cultures such as the Caral before the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. Peruvian population decreased from an estimated 5–9 million in the 1520s to around 600,000 in 1620 mainly because of infectious diseases carried by the Spanish.^[22] Spaniards and Africans arrived in large numbers in 1532 under colonial rule, mixing widely with each other and with Native Peruvians. During the Republic, there has been a gradual immigration of European people (especially from Spain and Italy, and to a lesser extent from Germany, France, Croatia, and the British Isles). Chinese and Japanese arrived in large numbers at the end of the 19th century.

With 31.2 million inhabitants according to the 2017 Census. Peru is the fourth most populous country in South America.^[23] Its demographic growth rate declined from 2.6% to 1.6% between 1950 and 2000, and its population is expected to reach approximately 46 - 51 million in 2050.^[24] As of 2017, 79.3% lived in urban areas and 20.7% in rural areas.^[25] Major cities include Lima, home to over 9.5 million people, Arequipa, Trujillo, Chiclayo, Piura, Iquitos, Huancayo, Cusco and Pucallpa, all of which reported more than 250,000 inhabitants.^[26] The largest expatriate Peruvian communities are in the United States, South America (Argentina, Chile, Venezuela and Brazil), Europe (Spain, Italy, France and the United Kingdom), Japan, Australia, and Canada.