Turkish March (Beethoven)

The Turkish March (Marcia alla turca) is a classical march theme by Ludwig van Beethoven. It was written for the 1809 Six Variations, Op. 76, and in the Turkish style. Later, in 1811, Beethoven included the Turkish March in a play by August von Kotzebue called The Ruins of Athens (Op. 113), premiering in Budapest, Hungary, in 1812.^[1]

The march is in B-flat major,^[2] tempo vivace, and ²
₄ time. Its dynamic scheme highly suggests a procession passing by, starting pianissimo, poco a poco, rising to a fortissimo climax, and then receding to pianissimo by the coda.^{[citation needed]}