Back Вабанакі Byelorussian Wabanaki-Konföderation German Confederación Wabanaki Spanish Wabanaki Konfederazioa Basque Confédération Wabanaki French קונפדרציית וואבנקי HE 와바나키 연맹 Korean Confoederatio Wabanakiensis Latin Vabanakiai Lithuanian Вабанакская конфедерация Russian
Wabanaki Confederacy Wabana'ki Mawuhkacik | |
|---|---|
| 1680s–1862 1993–present | |
 Wampum belt
 Seal
| |
.png) | |
| Capital | Panawamskek, Odanak, Sipayik, Lakeland Ridges, and Eelsetkook |
| Recognised regional languages | Abenaki Wolastoqey-Passamaquoddy Mi'kmawi'simk English French |
| Religion | Traditional belief systems, including Midewiwin and Glooscap narratives; Christianity, mainly Jesuits |
| Constituent countries | |
| Government | Tribal Confederation |
| History | |
• Established | 1680s |
• Disestablished | 1862 1993–present |
• Re-established | 1993 |
| Today part of | Canada United States |
The Wabanaki Confederacy (Wabenaki, Wobanaki, translated to "People of the Dawn" or "Easterner"; also: Wabanakia, "Dawnland"[1]) is a North American First Nations and Native American confederation of five principal Eastern Algonquian nations: the Abenaki, Mi'kmaq, Wolastoqiyik, Passamaquoddy (Peskotomahkati) and Penobscot.
There were more tribes, along with many bands, that were once part of the Confederation. Native tribes such as the Nanrantsouak, Alemousiski, Pennacook, Sokoki, and Canibas, through massacres, tribal consolidation, and ethnic label shifting were absorbed into the five larger national identities.[2]: 117
Members of the Wabanaki Confederacy, the Wabanakiyak,[6] are located in and named for the area which they call Wabanaki[7] ("Dawnland"), roughly the area that became the French colony of Acadia.[8][9] The territory boundaries encompass present-day Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, in the United States, and New Brunswick, mainland Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Island, Prince Edward Island and some of Quebec south of the St. Lawrence River, Anticosti, and Newfoundland in Canada.
- ^ Bilodeau, Christopher J. (May 1, 2013). "Understanding Ritual in Colonial Wabanakia". French Colonial History. 14: 1–32. doi:10.14321/frencolohist.14.2013.0001. JSTOR 10.14321/frencolohist.14.2013.0001. Retrieved November 22, 2023.
- ^ Walker, Willard (December 1, 1998). "The Wabanaki Confederacy". Maine History Journal. 37: 110–139.
- ^ "Citadel Hill/La Colline de la Citadelle/Kuowaqe'jk". Historical Marker Database. Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- ^ a b "Wabanaki". Peskotomuhkati-Wolastoqey Language Portal. Language Keepers. Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- ^ a b "Edited Abenaki Dictionary" (PDF). Michael Forbes Wilcox. p. 352. Retrieved December 4, 2024.
- ^ Each nation has a different word for "Dawnland people" or "people of the dawn." "Wabankiyak" is the closest English approximation that takes into consideration each of the Wabanaki languages: In Mi'kmawi'simk, it is: Wapna'kikewaq.[3] For the Maliseet and Passamaquoddy languages, a singular person from Dawnland is a Waponahkew, and multiple people are Waponahkiyik or Waponahkewiyik.[4] And, in the Abenaki language, it is W8banakiiak.[5]
- ^ "Dawnland" in Mi'kmawi'simk is Wapna'ki; in the Maliseet and Passamaquoddy languages, it is Waponahkik;[4] and, in the Abenaki language, the term for the region is W8banaki.[5]
- ^ "New Brunswick: Tensions rise as anti-fracking protests dig in". rabble.ca. June 25, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- ^ "Maliceet "Woslatoqey" | Mohawk Nation News". mohawknationnews.com. June 25, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2021.